Generations of Computers
First Generation
- Basic component – Vacuum Tubes 1940-1956
- Processing Speed – Slow & Unreliable Machine
- Heat Generation – Huge amount of Heat generated
- Size – Bulky & Non – Portable Machine
- Instructions – Only Machine Language was used
- User Friendly – Very Difficult to operate
- Cost – Production & Maintenance costs was very High
- Example – ENIAC , UNIVAC ,ENIAC = (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator,UNIVAC = (Universal Automatic Computer)
Second Generation
- Basic component – Transistors & Diodes
- Processing Speed – More reliable than 1st one
- Heat Generation – Less amount of Heat generated
- Size – Reduced size but still Bulky
- Instructions – High level Language was used
( Like COBOL , FORTAN)
- User Friendly – Easy to operate from 1st one
- Cost – Production & Maintenance costs was < 1st
- Example – IBM 7090, NCR 304
Third Generation
- Basic component –Integrated Circuits 1964-1971
- Processing Speed – More reliable than 1st & 2nd Machine
- Heat Generation – Lesser amount of Heat generated
- Size – Smaller than older computer
- Instructions –Expensive use of High level Language
- User Friendly – General purpose Machine used in commercial Application
- Cost – Production & Maintenance costs was Cheaper than older one
- Example – IBM 360, CDC 7600
Fourth Generation
- Basic component –: Microprocessors 1971-Present
- 8842Thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single siliconchip.
- Processing Speed – Most reliable than older computer
- Heat Generation – Virtually no Heat generated
- Size – Smallest in size making them easily portable
- Instructions –Very sophisticated programs & Languages use
- User Friendly –Easiest to operate
- Cost – Production & Maintenance costs was Cheapest than older one
- Example – IBM 3090, VAX
Fifth Generation
- Fifth Generation – Present and Beyond: (Artificial Intelligence)
- Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development.