Microsoft Windows, the most widely used operating system in the world, employs the metaphor of a window for navigation and file management. Understanding the parts of a window is the first step to knowing how to navigate through the operating system.
The Title Bar
At the top of every window is the title bar. The center of the title bar displays either the name of the program you are currently working in, or relevant information about what is happening in the program at any given moment. When the window is not maximized, this is where you can click and drag to move the window to a new location on the screen.
Minimize, Maximize, Close Buttons
In the upper right-hand corner of the window are the three buttons used to minimize, maximize, and close the window. Minimizing the window shrinks it to nothing and places it out of sight. Maximizing the window makes it fill the screen and locks it into position so that it cannot be moved by dragging the title bar. Closing the window shuts down the program.
The Scroll Bar
At the right side of the window is the scroll bar, which appears only if there is information to be displayed beyond the bottom range of the current window size. Clicking and dragging on the slider in the scroll bar moves the contents of the window up or down so you can view all of the data available.The Menu Bar
Most programs will have a menu bar visible in the upper left-hand corner of the window. The menu bar appears as text for most programs, and usually starts with “File” at the far left. Accessing the menu allows you to view various commands available to that program, including closing the program or the window.
The Work Space
The work space is all of the area inside the window where data for the current program is displayed. usually the work space will have a white background, but it is possible to customize this in all versions of Windows, and it may vary by program
Basic Functions of the Windows
The key five basic functions of any windows are as following
1. Interface between the user and the hardware: An OS provides an interface between user and machine. This interface can be a graphical user interface (GUI) in which users click onscreen elements to interact with the OS or a command-line interface (CLI) in which users type commands at the command-line interface (CLI) to tell the OS to do things.
2. Coordinate hardware components: An OS enables coordination of hardware components. Each hardware device speaks a different language, but the operating system can talk to them through the specific translational softwares called device drivers. Every hardware component has different drivers for Operating systems. These drivers make the communication successful between the other softwares and the hardware.
3. Provide an environment for software to function: An OS provides an environment for software applications to function. Application software is a specific software which is used to perform a specific task. In GUI operating systems such as Windows and macOS, applications run within a consistent, graphical desktop environment.
4. Provide structure for data management: An OS displays structure/directories for data management. We can view file and folder listings and manipulate on those files and folders like (move, copy, rename, delete, and many others).
5. Monitor system health and functionality: OS monitors the health of our system’s hardware, giving us an idea of how well (or not) it’s performing. We can see how busy our CPU is, or how quickly our hard drives retrieve data, or how much data our network card is sending etc. and it also monitors system activity for malware
