Purpose or importance of Layout Planning
The primary purpose of any plant layout is to facilitate the manufacturing process.
Additional objectives include:
- Minimizing material handling, especially travel distance and time
- Maintaining flexibility of arrangement and operation as needs change
- Promoting high turnover of work-in-process – keeping it moving
- Holding down investment in equipment
- Making economical use of floor space
- Promoting effective utilization of labour
- Providing for employees’ safety, comfort and convenience
Phases of Layout Planning
The four steps that the layout planner takes may be translated into what is known as the “Four Phases of Layout Planning.” These include the following:
- Phase I – Location Determine the location of the area to be laid out.
This is not necessarily a new site problem. More often it is one of determining whether the new layout (or re-layout) will be in the same place it is now, in a present storage area which can be made free for the purpose, in a newly acquired building, or some other potentially available space.
- Phase II – General Overall Layout Establish the general arrangement of the area to be laid out.
Here the basic flow pattern(s) and the areas allocated are brought together in such a way that the general size, relationships, and configuration of each major area are roughly established. Phase II is sometimes termed block layout or area allocation or merely rough layout.
- Phase III – Detailed layout Plans Locate each specific piece of machinery and equipment.
In detail planning, the actual placement of each specific physical feature of the area to be laid out is established. And this includes utilities and services as well. The detailed layout plan is customarily an electronic drawing or sheet or board with replicas of the individual machines or equipment placed or drawn thereon.
- Phase IV – Installation Plan the installation, seek the approval of the plan, and make the necessary physical moves.
Once the detailed layouts are completed (Phase III), considerable detailing of installation drawings and planning of moves must be worked out. Funds for the installation must be appropriated and the actual moves to install the machinery, equipment, and the services as planned must be made.
The Key to Unlocking Layout Problems (2015 – 16)
There are two basic elements on which every layout problem rests:
1. Product (or material or service) – what is to be made or produced
2. Quantity (or volume) – how much of each item is to be made
Directly or indirectly, these two elements underlie all other features or conditions in layout work. Therefore, facts, estimates, or information about them are essential.
P Product (Material)
Q Quantity (Volume)
R Routing (Process sequence)
S Supporting Services
T Time (Timing)
By Product (or material or service) we mean the goods produced by the company or area in question, the starting materials (raw materials or purchased parts), the formed or treated parts, the finished goods, and/or service items supplied or processed. Products may be termed items, varieties, models, styles, part numbers, formulations, product groups, or material classes.
By Quantity (or volume) we mean the amount of goods or services produced, supplied, or used. Quantity may be termed number of pieces, tons, cubic volume, or value of the amount produced or sold.
After obtaining the product and quantity information, we must next learn about the routing (or process). The routing refers to how the product or material will be made. By Routing we mean the process, its equipment, its operations, and their sequence. Routing may be defined by operation-and-equipment lists, process sheets, flow sheets, and the like.
By Supporting Services we mean the utilities, auxiliaries, and related activities or functions that must be provided in the area to be laid out, so that it will function effectively. Supporting services include: maintenance, machine repair, tool room, toilets, locker rooms, cafeteria, first aid, and frequently shop offices, rail siding, receiving dock, shipping dock, receiving (or “in area”), and shipping (or “out area”). It is common to include storage areas as a part of the supporting services as well. Taken all together, the supporting services often occupy more floor area than the producing departments themselves. Therefore, adequate attention must be given to them.
One other basic element of the key to unlocking layout problems is Time (or timing). By Time (or timing) we mean when, how long, how often, and how soon. Time or timing involves when products will be produced or when the layout being planned will operate.
P. PRODUCTMATERIALWHAT IS THEPRODUCT | S. SUPPORTING –SERVICESWITH WHATSUPPORT | |
R. ROUTING – PROCESSHOW IT WILL BE FORMED | WILL PRODUCTSBE BASED | |
Q. QUANTITY –VOLUMEHOW MANY OFEACH ITEM TOTHE PRODUCT | T. TIME – TIMINGWHEN WILL W H Y ? |
reputable indian pharmacies https://indiaph24.store/# india pharmacy mail order
online pharmacy india
best online pharmacies in mexico: Online Pharmacies in Mexico – medicine in mexico pharmacies
http://mexicoph24.life/# mexican border pharmacies shipping to usa
buy lisinopril 20 mg online canada [url=http://lisinopril.network/#]lisinopril rx coupon[/url] lisinopril 40 mg daily
https://cytotec.club/# cytotec buy online usa
cheap propecia without insurance: cost generic propecia without prescription – buy propecia prices
https://cytotec.club/# cytotec buy online usa
tamoxifen breast cancer prevention [url=https://nolvadex.life/#]tamoxifen moa[/url] how does tamoxifen work
ciprofloxacin 500 mg tablet price [url=https://ciprofloxacin.tech/#]cipro 500mg best prices[/url] ciprofloxacin over the counter
https://nolvadex.life/# tamoxifen moa
cipro ciprofloxacin: buy cipro – antibiotics cipro
https://finasteride.store/# cheap propecia online
cipro 500mg best prices [url=https://ciprofloxacin.tech/#]cipro online no prescription in the usa[/url] buy ciprofloxacin over the counter
http://lisinopril.network/# generic lisinopril 3973
nolvadex for pct [url=http://nolvadex.life/#]tamoxifen and uterine thickening[/url] tamoxifen for breast cancer prevention
http://nolvadex.life/# tamoxifen brand name
lisinopril 10 mg tabs [url=http://lisinopril.network/#]lisinopril 10 mg order online[/url] prices for lisinopril
tamoxifen cancer: tamoxifen breast cancer – tamoxifen dose
cipro [url=https://ciprofloxacin.tech/#]ciprofloxacin generic[/url] cipro
ciprofloxacin generic: cipro – cipro 500mg best prices
https://finasteride.store/# cost cheap propecia tablets
https://nolvadex.life/# tamoxifen breast cancer prevention
cipro for sale [url=http://ciprofloxacin.tech/#]buy cipro online canada[/url] buy ciprofloxacin over the counter
lisinopril 20g [url=http://lisinopril.network/#]lisinopril tablets for sale[/url] 208 lisinopril
http://nolvadex.life/# pct nolvadex
nolvadex pills: nolvadex side effects – tamoxifen and grapefruit
https://ciprofloxacin.tech/# buy cipro
nolvadex estrogen blocker [url=http://nolvadex.life/#]tamoxifen hip pain[/url] nolvadex price
https://finasteride.store/# cost of propecia without insurance
does tamoxifen cause bone loss [url=http://nolvadex.life/#]tamoxifen depression[/url] tamoxifen breast cancer prevention
lisinopril 40: order lisinopril online us – zestril 30mg generic
antibiotics cipro [url=https://ciprofloxacin.tech/#]purchase cipro[/url] п»їcipro generic
http://ciprofloxacin.tech/# antibiotics cipro
tamoxifen estrogen [url=http://nolvadex.life/#]tamoxifen effectiveness[/url] tamoxifen and uterine thickening
get cheap propecia without insurance: order propecia without dr prescription – buying propecia tablets
https://lisinopril.network/# lisinopril 5 mg price
п»їcytotec pills online [url=https://cytotec.club/#]cytotec abortion pill[/url] buy cytotec online
buy ciprofloxacin: buy cipro online canada – ciprofloxacin 500 mg tablet price